Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Sabun Kertas Ekstrak Daun Batik (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus Dan Escherichia coli Secara In Vitro

AL-Ridha, Fadil Moch (2022) Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Sabun Kertas Ekstrak Daun Batik (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus Dan Escherichia coli Secara In Vitro. Undergraduated thesis, Universitas Cenderawasih.

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Abstract

Daun batik (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) merupakan tanaman yang mengandung senyawa flavonoid, tanin, alkaloid, saponin, steroid, dan glikosida. Keberadaan senyawa-senyawa tersebut, khususnya tanin, flavonoid, dan saponin diketahui memiliki potensi sebagai senyawa antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan ekstrak daun batik menjadi sediaan sabun kertas dan mengetahui mutu fisik serta aktivitas antibakteri dari sediaan sabun kertas yang dihasilkan. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu daun batik, sampel diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Ekstrak kemudian diformulasikan menjadi sediaan sabun kertas dengan konsentrasi 2,5%, 5%, dan 7,5%. Pengujian mutu fisik dilakukan berdasarkan spesifikasi mutu fisik yang dipersyaratkan oleh SNI meliputi uji pH, uji tinggi busa, uji asam lemak bebas. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi cakram dengan sampel uji berupa sabun kertas ekstrak daun batik dengan 3 variasi konsentrasi yaitu 2,5%, 5%, dan 7,5%, sabun konvensional (kontrol positif), dan basis sabun tanpa ekstrak (kontrol negatif). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sediaan sabun kertas ekstrak daun batik memenuhi kriteria syarat mutu fisik. Selain itu ketiga formulasi sediaan sabun kertas dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli dengan daya hambat ketiga formulasi masuk dalam kategori sangat kuat. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan sediaan sabun kertas ekstrak daun batik memenuhi mutu fisik dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Batik leaf (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) is a plant that contains flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, and glycoside. The presence of these compounds, especially tannins, flavonoids, and saponins, is known to have the potential to be an antibacterial compounds. This study aims to formulate the extract of batik leaf to be paper soap and to determine the physical quality and antibacterial activity of the paper soap. The sample used in this study was batik leaf. It was extracted using the maceration method with 96% ethanol-water solvent. Then, the extract was formulated to be the paper soap with the concentration of 2.5%, 5%, and 7,5%. The testing of physical quality was conducted based on the specification of physical quality required by SNI, including pH test, high foam test, and free fatty acid test. The antibacterial activity testing was conducted using the disc diffusion method with the paper soap of batik leaf extract as the testing sample, 3 (three) variations in concentration, namely 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%, conventional soap (positive control), and soap base without extract (negative control). The research results demonstrated that the paper soap of batik leaf extracts met the required physical quality criteria. In addition, the three formulations of paper soap preparation could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with the inhibition of the three formulations categorized very strong. The conclusion of this study showed that the paper soap of batik leaf met the physical quality and had antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

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